The concept that rulers must have the consent of those they govern, if a democratic society is to function, is an old one. But the science of how political decision makers can win, or lose, the will of the public to comply with laws and regulations is relatively new. This science is strongly linked to modern criminological research, in terms of both theory development and empirical studies.

The role of police in a democratic society

This area is highly relevant in Sweden and internationally, particularly as regards society’s responses to crime and other disturbances to social order, and even more so in terms of the role of the police in a democratic society. LaFree’s research indicates that police application of principles that treat people correctly, respectfully, and without prejudice – even those who break the law – can reduce the propensity for crime on the individual and societal level.

Trust in the police is important

LaFree’s research has shown that the increase in violence in America during much of the 20th century was related to rapid social, economic, and political changes. These changes drastically reduced public trust in central social institutions, not least the police. The changes were noticeable primarily in socially and economically disadvantaged areas with large minority populations. When violence in America declined in the 20th century, according to LaFree, it came as a response to national and local reforms designed to address racial discrimination and injustice, and to efforts focused on improving education and employment opportunities for the most vulnerable groups. This improved and stabilised the population’s trust in the legality of social institutions. The development of the terrorist problem is also linked to the way different groups of the population perceive the legitimacy of established society.